在機械設備安裝中地腳螺栓與墊鐵的使用方式介紹
時(shí)間：2015/12/10 14:51:37
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機械設備就位前，必須對設備基礎混凝土強度進(jìn)行測定。一般應待混凝土強度達到60%以上，設備才可就位安裝。設備找平調整時(shí)，擰緊地腳螺栓必須待混凝土達到設計強度才可進(jìn)行。中小型機械設備基礎可用“鋼球撞痕法”測定混凝土強度。大型機械設備基礎就位安裝前須要進(jìn)行預壓，預壓的重量為自重和允許加工件最大重量總和的1.25倍。
設備基礎的幾何尺寸應符合設計規定，設備定位的基準線(xiàn)應以車(chē)間柱子縱橫中心線(xiàn)或以墻的邊緣為基準（應按設計圖紙要求）
地腳螺栓
①地腳螺栓的作用是將機械設備與地基基礎牢固地連接起來(lái)，防止設備在工作時(shí)發(fā)生位移、振動(dòng)和傾覆。
② 地腳螺栓的長(cháng)度應符合施工圖的規定，當施工圖具體規定時(shí)，可按下式確定：
L=15D+S+(5~10) 式中L-地腳螺栓的長(cháng)度（mm）
D –地腳螺栓的直徑（mm）
S—墊鐵高度及機座、螺母厚度和預留量（預留量大約為地腳螺栓3~5個(gè)螺距）的總和。
③垂直埋放的地腳螺栓，在敷設時(shí)應保證鉛直度，其垂直偏差應小于1%。
④地腳螺栓偏差的排除。中心距偏差的處理。當地腳螺栓中心距偏差超出允許值時(shí)，先用鑿子剔去螺紋周?chē)炷?，剔去的深度為螺栓直徑?~15倍，然后用氧-乙煥火焰加熱螺栓需校正彎曲部位至850℃左右，用大錘和千斤頂進(jìn)行校正。達到要求后，在彎曲部位處增焊鋼板，以防螺栓受力后又被拉直。最后補罐混凝土。
標高偏差的處理。螺栓標高的正偏差超過(guò)允許范圍，應切割去一部分，并重新加工出螺紋。若螺栓標高負偏差且不超過(guò)15mm，應先鑿去一部分混凝土，然后用氧乙煥火焰將螺紋外部分烤紅拉長(cháng)，在拉長(cháng)后直徑縮小的部分兩側焊上兩條加強的鋼筋或細管。若負偏差超過(guò)15mm時(shí)，應將螺栓切斷，并重焊一根新螺栓，再在對接焊中加焊4根鋼筋，處理完畢后重新澆灌好混凝土。
地腳螺栓“活板”的處理。在擰緊地腳螺栓時(shí)，由于用力過(guò)大，將螺栓從設備基礎中拉出，使設備安裝無(wú)法進(jìn)行。此時(shí)需將螺栓中部混凝土鑿去，然后焊上兩條交叉的U形鋼筋，補焊混凝土，即可將螺栓重新固定。
墊鐵，在設備底座下安放墊鐵組，通過(guò)對墊鐵組厚度的調整，使設備達到安裝要求的標高和水平，同時(shí)便于二次灌漿，使設備底座各部分都能與基礎充分接觸，并使基礎均勻承受機器設備的重量及運轉過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的力。
墊鐵的分類(lèi)及適用范圍。矩形墊鐵（又名平墊鐵）用于承受主要負荷和較強連續振動(dòng)的設備，斜墊鐵大多用于不承受主要負荷（主要負荷基本上 由灌漿層承受）的部位，斜墊鐵下應有平墊鐵，開(kāi)口墊鐵常以支座形式安裝在金屬結構或地平面上，并且是支撐面積較小的情況，其設備由兩個(gè)以上底腳支撐，鉤頭成對斜墊鐵。
墊鐵放置應符合以下要求：每個(gè)地腳螺栓通常至少應放置一組墊鐵。不承受主要負荷的墊鐵組，只使用平墊鐵和一塊斜墊鐵即可；承受主要負荷的墊鐵組，應使用成對斜墊鐵，找平后用電焊焊牢；承受主要負荷且設備運行時(shí)產(chǎn)生較強連續振動(dòng)時(shí)，墊鐵組不能采用斜墊鐵，只能采用平墊鐵。每組墊鐵總數一般不得超過(guò)3塊，在墊鐵組中，厚墊鐵放在下面，薄墊鐵放在上面，最薄的安放在中間。
Before the mechanical equipment is in place, the strength of the equipment foundation concrete must be measured. Generally, the strength of concrete should reach more than 60% before the equipment can be installed in place. When leveling and adjusting the equipment, tightening the anchor bolt must wait for the concrete to reach the design strength. The strength of concrete can be measured by "steel ball impact mark method" for the foundation of small and medium-sized machinery and equipment. Pre-pressing is required before installation of large-scale mechanical equipment foundation. The weight of pre-pressing is 1.25 times of the total weight of self-weight and maximum allowable workpiece.
Geometric dimensions of equipment foundations shall conform to design requirements, and the datum line for equipment positioning shall be based on the center line of workshop columns or the edge of walls (as required by design drawings).
Anchor bolt
The function of the anchor bolt is to connect the mechanical equipment firmly with the foundation, so as to prevent the displacement, vibration and overturning of the equipment.
(2) The length of anchor bolts shall conform to the requirements of construction drawings. When specified in construction drawings, the length of anchor bolts can be determined according to the following formula:
L=15D+S+(5~10) L-foot bolt length(mm)
D-foot bolt diameter (mm)
S-cushion height and base, nut thickness and reserved amount (reserved amount is about 3-5 pitches of anchor bolts).
The vertical deviation of the bolts should be less than 1%.
(4) Elimination of deviation of anchor bolts. Processing of center distance deviation. When the deviation of the center distance of the foot bolt exceeds the allowable value, the concrete around the thread is first removed with chisel, and the depth is 8-15 times of the diameter of the bolt. Then the bending position of the bolt is corrected to about 850 C by oxygen-ethylene flame heating, and then corrected by hammer and jack. After meeting the requirements, weld steel plate at the bending part to prevent the bolt from straightening again after being stressed. Finally, the concrete tank is repaired.
Treatment of elevation deviation. If the positive deviation of bolt elevation exceeds the allowable range, a part of the bolt should be cut off and the thread should be re-machined. If the negative deviation of bolt elevation does not exceed 15mm, a part of concrete should be chiseled first, then the outer part of the thread should be baked red and elongated with oxyethylene flame, and two reinforcing steel bars or thin pipes should be welded on both sides of the part whose diameter is reduced after elongation. If the negative deviation exceeds 15 mm, the bolt should be cut off, and a new bolt should be re-welded. Four steel bars should be welded in the butt welding, and the concrete should be re-poured after the treatment.
The treatment of the floor bolt "movable plate". When tightening the anchor bolts, the bolts are pulled out of the equipment foundation due to excessive force, which makes the installation of the equipment impossible. At this time, the concrete in the middle of the bolt should be chiseled off, and then two cross U-shaped reinforcement bars are welded to repair the concrete, so that the bolt can be re-fixed.
The pad iron is placed under the base of the equipment. By adjusting the thickness of the pad iron, the equipment can reach the elevation and level required for installation. At the same time, it is convenient for secondary grouting, so that all parts of the equipment base can fully contact with the foundation, and the foundation can bear the weight of the machine equipment and the forces generated during operation.
Classification and application scope of cushion iron. Rectangular cushion iron (also known as flat cushion iron) is used for equipment withstanding major loads and strong continuous vibration. Most of the cushion iron is used for parts that do not withstand major loads (the main load is basically borne by grouting layer). There should be flat cushion iron under the cushion iron. The open cushion iron is usually installed on the metal structure or the horizon in the form of a support. When the supporting area is small, the equipment is supported by more than two soles and the hook heads are paired with oblique cushion iron.
The placement of pad iron should meet the following requirements: each anchor bolt should normally be placed at least one set of pad iron. For the cushion iron group which does not bear the main load, only a flat cushion iron and a slant cushion iron can be used; for the cushion iron group which bears the main load, a pair of slant cushion iron should be used to weld firmly after leveling; for the cushion iron group which bears the main load and produces strong continuous vibration when the equipment is running, the slant cushion iron can not be used, only the flat cushion iron can be used. The total number of pads in each group should not exceed 3 pieces. In the pad group, the thick pad iron is placed below, the thin pad iron is placed above, and the thinnest one is placed in the middle.
Company name: botou zhuoyuan mechanical equipment manufacturing co.,LTD
Registered
address: jiaohe development zone, botou city, hebei province
Fax
number: 0317-8031093
Contact
information: 15369812793 (WeChat with the same number) liansheng chu
Postcode:
062151
Enterprise
email:1358827475@qq.com
Account
Opening Bank: Botou Branch of Bank of China
Account
number: 100399943203
Agricultural
bank account number: 6228481739059615270
http://zhuoyuanjixie.com