機床鑄件毛坯檢測與高壓造型的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)
時(shí)間:2015/12/26 10:03:47
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當機床鑄件毛坯精度要求低、牛產(chǎn)批量坡小刊,采用木棋手工造型;當毛坯精度要求較高且產(chǎn)量很大時(shí),刑治屆橫機器造型。七毛壞的強度要求較高業(yè)形狀復雜時(shí),可采用鑄鋼;有特風(fēng)塵求時(shí),可采構鋼、鋁等有色金屬:侖屆的鑄造件。金屆購銷(xiāo)治性是指澆注金屬時(shí)液態(tài)金屬的流動(dòng)性、凝固時(shí)的收縮性別拙忻傾向性等。流動(dòng)件奸的余屆稠料只有良好的充填鑄型的能力,能夠鑄出大而薄的。收縮。收縮是指液態(tài)金屬凝固時(shí)體積收縮利凝固后的線(xiàn)收縮,收的利川率,減小鑄件戶(hù)生變形或裂紋的可能性。偏析。偏祈是指鑄件凝團員各處化學(xué)成分的不均勻,苦偏析嚴重、學(xué)性能變壞。鑄造適用丁機床床身、支架、變速相、缸體、策休等形狀較復雜的零件毛坯。其制造方法土要有砂型鑄造、金屆則鑄造、壓力鑄尷、熔模鑄造、離心鑄退等。較常用的是砂型鑄造。當機床鑄件毛坯精度要求低、牛產(chǎn)批量坡小刊,采用木棋手工造型;當毛坯精度要求較高且產(chǎn)量很大時(shí),刑治屆橫機器造型。七毛壞的強度要求較高業(yè)形狀復雜時(shí),可采用鑄鋼;有特風(fēng)塵求時(shí),可采構鋼、鋁等有色金屬:
(1)侖屆的鑄造件。金屆購銷(xiāo)治性是指澆注金屬時(shí)液態(tài)金屬的流動(dòng)性、凝固時(shí)的收縮性別拙忻傾向性等。流動(dòng)件奸的余屆稠料只有良好的充填鑄型的能力,能夠鑄出大而薄的。
(2)收縮。收縮是指液態(tài)金屬凝固時(shí)體積收縮利凝固后的線(xiàn)收縮,收的利川率,減小鑄件戶(hù)生變形或裂紋的可能性。
(3)偏析。偏祈是指鑄件凝團員各處化學(xué)成分的不均勻,苦偏析嚴重、學(xué)性能變壞。
1、機床鑄件造型的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
(1)機床鑄件尺寸精確,表面光潔。
(2)機床鑄件重量比普通造型方法減輕10%,且重量均勻一致。鑄鋼件的重量偏差由普通機器造型的3%~5%降低為1%~2%;床身鑄件的重量偏差由原來(lái)的1.5%降低到1%.另外,由于精度高可以減少加工余量,節約金屬也節約加工工時(shí)。
(3)壓實(shí)緊砂的工藝簡(jiǎn)單,易于實(shí)現自動(dòng)化造型,生產(chǎn)效率高。
(4)降低勞動(dòng)強度,改善勞動(dòng)條件。很大一部分鑄件,皮帶輪可采用單純壓實(shí)緊砂造型方法,噪音小。
(5)砂型緊實(shí)度高,蓄熱系數高,也加快了金屬凝固,改善鑄件內的質(zhì)量,金相組織更為致密,力學(xué)性能有所提高。
(6)高壓造型有較大的適應性,能制造復雜,較大的鑄件。
2、機床鑄件高壓造型缺點(diǎn)
(1)設備投資大、結構復雜、龐大,多采用液壓傳動(dòng)。為了提高機器效率一般是主機,輔機配套組成流水線(xiàn)。
(2)要求工藝裝備精度高,剛性大,因而費用高。
(3)要求較高的設備維修和保養能力。
When the machine tool casting blank precision requirements are low, the cattle production batch slope is published, the wooden chess is used for manual modeling; when the blank precision requirements are high and the output is large, the cross-machine shape is adopted. If the strength of the seven-wool is high, the shape of the industry is complicated, and the cast steel can be used. When there is special wind and dust, the non-ferrous metals such as steel and aluminum can be used: the castings of the lun. The term of gold purchase and sale refers to the fluidity of liquid metal when pouring metal, and the tendency of shrinkage gender during solidification. The remaining thick material of the flow piece can only be cast into a large and thin shape with good ability to fill the mold. shrink. Shrinkage refers to the shrinkage of the volume after the solidification of the liquid metal, and the shrinkage of the line, which reduces the possibility of deformation or cracking of the cast. Segregation. Praying means that the chemical composition of the castings is uneven, the bitter segregation is serious, and the learning performance is deteriorated. The casting is suitable for the blanks of the more complex parts such as the bed of the machine tool, the bracket, the shifting phase, the cylinder block, and the strategy. The manufacturing method includes sand casting, gold casting, pressure casting, investment casting, centrifugal casting, and the like. More commonly used is sand casting. When the machine tool casting blank precision requirements are low, the cattle production batch slope is published, the wooden chess is used for manual modeling; when the blank precision requirements are high and the output is large, the cross-machine shape is adopted. When the strength of the seven-hair defect is high, the shape of the industry is complicated, and the cast steel can be used. When there is special wind and dust, the non-ferrous metals such as steel and aluminum can be used:
(1) The castings of the lun. The term of gold purchase and sale refers to the fluidity of liquid metal when pouring metal, and the tendency of shrinkage gender during solidification. The remaining thick material of the flow piece can only be cast into a large and thin shape with good ability to fill the mold.
(2) Shrinkage. Shrinkage refers to the shrinkage of the volume after the solidification of the liquid metal, and the shrinkage of the line, which reduces the possibility of deformation or cracking of the cast.
(3) Segregation. Praying means that the chemical composition of the castings is uneven, the bitter segregation is serious, and the learning performance is deteriorated.
1. Advantages of machine tool casting modeling
(1) Machine tool castings are accurate in size and smooth in surface.
(2) The weight of the machine tool casting is 10% lighter than the ordinary modeling method, and the weight is uniform. The weight deviation of the cast steel parts is reduced from 3% to 5% of the ordinary machine shape to 1% to 2%; the weight deviation of the bed castings is reduced from the original 1.5% to 1%. In addition, the machining allowance can be reduced due to high precision. Saving metal also saves processing time.
(3) The process of compacting and compacting sand is simple, easy to realize automatic modeling, and high production efficiency.
(4) Reduce labor intensity and improve working conditions. A large part of the castings, the pulley can be simply compacted and tight sand modeling method, the noise is small.
(5) The sand type has high compactness and high heat storage coefficient, which also accelerates the solidification of the metal, improves the quality of the casting, and the metallographic structure is more compact and the mechanical properties are improved.
(6) High-pressure molding has great adaptability and can manufacture complex and large castings.
2, machine tool casting high pressure modeling shortcomings
(1) The equipment investment is large, the structure is complex and huge, and hydraulic transmission is often used. In order to improve the efficiency of the machine is generally the host, the auxiliary machine is composed of the assembly line.
(2) The process equipment is required to have high precision and rigidity, so the cost is high.
(3) Requires higher equipment repair and maintenance capabilities.
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