鑄鐵平臺精度及氣孔砂眼的基本知識
時(shí)間：2015/12/26 13:37:37
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鑄鐵平板基本知識
1、范圍
本標準規定了精度等級為000級、00級、0級、1級、2級、3級。
鑄鐵平板的型式與尺寸，技術(shù)要求，檢驗方法，標志與包裝等。
本標準適用于工作面為160m×100mm～4000mm×2500mm（長(cháng)度×寬度）的鑄鐵平板（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)平板）。
2、引用標準
下列標準所包含的條文，通過(guò)在本標準中引用而構成為本標準的條文，本標準出版時(shí)，所示版本均為有效。所有標準都會(huì )被修訂，使用本標準的各方應探討使用下列標準最新版本的可能性。GBT1184--1996形狀和位置公差，未注公差的規定。
3、定義
本標準采用下列定義：
3.1 平板：用于工件檢測或劃線(xiàn)的平面基準器具，又稱(chēng)為平臺。
3.2 主支點(diǎn)：平板在加工，檢定和使用中，與安裝基面或專(zhuān)用支架接觸時(shí)，用作主要支承的部分。此時(shí)的支承為系靜定狀態(tài)。
3.3 輔助支點(diǎn)：平板在使用時(shí)，為了防止因負載重心的偏移而發(fā)生傾覆或因負載過(guò)大而產(chǎn)生有害的變形所增設的支點(diǎn)。輔助支點(diǎn)上的支反力應小于主支點(diǎn)上的支反力。
4、型式與尺寸
筋板式平板的輔助支點(diǎn)是為了防止使用的平板因重心偏移而發(fā)生傾覆所設置的。對負載過(guò)大而產(chǎn)生有害變形的輔助支點(diǎn)由設計者自行設計，但數據應控制在最少限度。輔助支承面與主支承面不應在同一平面上，以便于調整輔助支點(diǎn)的反力。
5、技術(shù)要求
5.1 平板工作面不得有嚴重影響外觀(guān)和使用性能有砂孔、氣孔、裂紋、夾渣、縮松、劃痕、碰傷、銹點(diǎn)等缺陷。
5.2 平板的鑄造表面應清除型砂且平整，涂漆牢固。
5.3 精度等級為0級～3級的平板工作面上，直徑小于15mm的砂孔允許用相同的材料堵塞，其硬度應小于同圍材料的硬度。工作面堵塞的砂孔應不多于4個(gè)。且砂孔之間的距離應不小于80mm。
5.4 平板應采用優(yōu)質(zhì)細密的灰口鑄鐵或合金鑄鐵等材料制造，其工作面硬度應為170～220HB。
5.5 平板工作面通常應用采用刮削加工藝。對采用刮削加工期的3級平板工作面，其表面粗糙度Ra的最大允許值為5чm。
5.6 平板工作面采用刮削工藝應進(jìn)行涂色對研檢驗。按25mm×25mm中的接觸點(diǎn)數之差應不大于5點(diǎn)。若有爭議，按接觸點(diǎn)面積的比率為評定依據。
6、檢驗方法
6.1 接觸點(diǎn)面積的比率
將被檢平板工斜面上涂上顯示劑，在不低于其精度等級的平板上研合，在被檢平板上顯示出明顯的接觸點(diǎn)，然后用一個(gè)50mm×50mm范圍內刻劃有2.5mm×2.5mm的400個(gè)小方格的透明薄板(如有機玻璃板)，置于被檢平板工作面的任意位置上，依次觀(guān)察每個(gè)方格內包含接觸點(diǎn)所占面積的比例(以1/10為單位)。求上述比例數之和，除以4即為所檢測部位的接觸點(diǎn)面積的比率，為取得典型的數值。應在另一位置上測出接觸點(diǎn)面積的比率，求出兩次結果的平均值。
6.2 平面波動(dòng)量
將平面波動(dòng)儀放在平板工作面上，沿任意一直線(xiàn)方向移動(dòng)平面波動(dòng)儀。移動(dòng)距離為平板對角線(xiàn)長(cháng)度的一半且不應小于200mm。取平面波動(dòng)儀的指示表(分度值為0.001mm)上最在值與最小值之差，即為被檢平板工作面的平面波動(dòng)量。
6.3 撓度：將檢測裝置放在被檢平板工作面上，在不加載荷時(shí)，將扭簧比較儀測頭與工作面相接觸(為使測量準確,測頭與工作面之間可放一塊薄量塊)且記下讀數。然后根據表5規定的額定載荷施加力且記下讀數，兩次讀數之差，即為被檢平板工作面在額定載荷下的撓度值。
Basic knowledge of cast iron plate
1. Scope
This standard stipulates that the accuracy
level is 000, 00, 0, 1, 2 and 3.
Type and size of cast iron plate, technical
requirements, inspection methods, marking and packaging, etc.
This standard is applicable to cast iron
slabs (hereinafter referred to as slabs) with a working face of 160m
*100mm~4000mm *2500mm (length *width).
2. Citation criteria
Provisions contained in the following
standards constitute provisions of this standard by reference in this standard.
When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards
will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility
of using the latest version of the following standards. GBT1184-1996 Shape and
position tolerances, no tolerances specified.
3. Definition
This standard adopts the following
definitions:
3.1 Flat Plate: A flat benchmark for
workpiece inspection or marking, also known as a platform.
3.2 Main fulcrum: The plate is used as the
main supporting part when it is in contact with the installation base or
special support in processing, verification and use. At this time, the support
is statically determinate.
3.3 Auxiliary fulcrum: A fulcrum added to a
plate to prevent overturning due to the deviation of the center of gravity of
the load or harmful deformation due to excessive load. The supporting force at
the auxiliary fulcrum should be less than that at the main fulcrum.
4. Types and Dimensions
The auxiliary fulcrum of ribbed plate is
set up to prevent the overturning of the plate due to the deviation of the
center of gravity. The auxiliary fulcrum for harmful deformation caused by
excessive load is designed by the designer himself, but the data should be
controlled to a minimum. The auxiliary support surface and the main support
surface should not be on the same plane, so as to adjust the reaction of the
auxiliary support.
5. Technical Requirements
5.1 No serious defects affecting the
appearance and performance of flat face, such as sand holes, air holes, cracks,
slag inclusion, shrinkage, scratches, bruises and rust spots, shall be allowed.
5.2 The casting surface of flat plate
should be clean and smooth with solid paint.
5.3 In flat working face with accuracy
grade 0-3, sand holes less than 15 mm in diameter are allowed to be blocked by
the same material, and their hardness should be less than that of the
surrounding material. There should be no more than four sand holes blocked in
the working face. And the distance between the sand holes should not be less
than 80 mm.
5.4 Flat plate should be made of fine gray
cast iron or alloy cast iron with hardness of 170-220HB.
5.5 Scraping technology is usually used in
flat face. The maximum allowable value of surface roughness Ra is 5 m for the
three-stage plate working face during the scraping period.
5.6 Scraping technology should be used in
flat face to carry out colouring and grinding inspection. The difference
between the contact points in 25mm x 25mm should be no more than 5 points. In
case of disputes, the ratio of contact area shall be used as the basis for
evaluation.
6. Inspection methods
6.1 Ratio of contact area
The inspected slab is coated with the
displaying agent and lapped on the slab of no less than its accuracy grade. The
obvious contact points are displayed on the inspected slab. Then 400
transparent sheets (such as plexiglass) with 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm are inscribed in a
range of 50 mm x 50 mm and placed at any position on the working face of the
inspected slab. In turn, the proportion of the area containing contact points
in each grid (in 1/10 units) was observed. The sum of the above proportions is
divided by 4, which is the ratio of the contact area of the detected part, so
as to obtain the typical value. The ratio of contact area should be measured at
another location, and the average value of the two results should be
calculated.
6.2 Plane Wave Volume
Place the planar wave meter on the working
surface of the flat plate and move the planar wave meter along any straight
line direction. The moving distance should be half of the diagonal length of
the plate and not less than 200 mm. The difference between the maximum value
and the minimum value on the indicator table of the plane wave meter (the
indexing value is 0.001 mm) is taken as the plane wave quantity of the
inspected flat face.
6.3 Deflection: Place the detection device
on the working face of the tested flat plate. When the load is not loaded,
contact the probe of the torsion spring comparator with the working face (in
order to make the measurement accurate, a thin measuring block can be placed
between the probe and the working face) and record the reading. Then, according
to the rated load specified in Table 5, the force is applied and the reading is
recorded. The difference between the two readings is the deflection value of
the Workface under the rated load.
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