鑄鐵平臺平面度檢測方法
時(shí)間：2016/1/6 8:41:34
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1、圖解法：所謂圖解法是一種幾何作圖求解法。它是以鑄鐵平臺各測點(diǎn)的測量值按比例在進(jìn)角坐標系上描點(diǎn)，用作圖方式從坐標圖上量取鑄鐵平臺平面度偏差值。它有簡(jiǎn)單、直觀(guān)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但該法需用坐標紙準確作圖，且有作圖誤差，適合現場(chǎng)使用。
2、旋轉法：旋轉法是將鑄鐵平臺基面經(jīng)過(guò)適當變換（旋轉或平移），使測量基面和評定基面重合，獲得符合最小條件的位置，通過(guò)測量數據的交換獲取鑄鐵平臺平面度誤差。該法不需使用繪圖或計算工具，有簡(jiǎn)便易行的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，具體操作時(shí)常需做多次旋轉，對不熟練者效率不高。但該法是最基本的方法，只要掌握旋轉要領(lǐng)，最終必能達到目的。
3、節距法：節距法是使用橋板對被測面進(jìn)行分段，由儀器讀取各段前后兩點(diǎn)測量線(xiàn)相對于標準直錢(qián)的傾斜角或高度差值，通過(guò)數據處理得到鑄鐵平臺直線(xiàn)度、平面度誤差值的一種間接測量方法。節距法又稱(chēng)角差法，其測量原理是把被測截線(xiàn)分成等距的若干擋，用水平儀或自準直儀，分別測出各擋相對于測量基準的傾斜角按1〞=0。005/1000化成弧度，乘以橋板跨距，就反映了橋板兩支點(diǎn)之間相對于測量基準的高度差。
Introduction of flatness testing method for
cast iron platform
1. Graphic method: The so-called graphic
method is a geometric drawing method. It draws points on the angular coordinate
system in proportion to the measured values of each measuring point of the cast
iron platform. It is used to measure the flatness deviation of the cast iron
platform from the coordinate map. It has the advantages of simplicity and
intuition, but this method needs coordinate paper to draw accurately and has
drawing error, so it is suitable for field use.
2. Rotation method: Rotation method is to
transform the base surface of cast iron platform properly (rotation or
translation), so that the measured base surface coincides with the evaluated
base surface, and obtain the position that meets the minimum conditions. The
flatness error of cast iron platform is obtained by exchanging the measured
data. This method does not need to use drawing or calculating tools. It has the
advantages of simplicity and practicability. It often needs to be rotated many
times in specific operation, and is inefficient for the unskilled. But this
method is the most basic method, as long as we master the main points of
rotation, we will eventually achieve the goal.
3. Pitch method: Pitch method is an
indirect method of measuring straightness and flatness error of cast iron
platform by using bridge plate to segment the measured surface, reading the
tilt angle or height difference between the front and back measuring lines of
each section relative to the standard straight money by the instrument, and
obtaining the straightness and flatness error value of cast iron platform
through data processing. The pitch method is also called angle difference
method. Its measuring principle is to divide the measured intercept line into
several equal-distance blocks. The inclination angle of each block relative to
the measuring datum is measured by a level or an autocollimator according to
1"=0 respectively. 005/1000 turns into an arc, multiplied by the span of
the bridge slab, which reflects the height difference between the two fulcrums
of the bridge slab and the measuring datum.
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